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350 parts per million is what many scientists, climate experts, and progressive national governments are now saying is the safe upper limit for CO2 in our atmosphere. Accelerating arctic warming and other early climate impacts have led scientists to conclude that we are already above the safe zone at our current 390ppm, and that unless we are able to rapidly return to 350 ppm this century, we risk reaching tipping points and irreversible impacts such as the melting of the Greenland ice sheet and major methane releases from increased permafrost melt. There are three numbers you need to really understand global warming, 275, 390, and 350.  For all of human history until about 200 years ago, our atmosphere contained 275 parts per million of carbon dioxide. Parts per million is simply a way of measuring the concentration of different gases, and means the ratio of the number of carbon dioxide molecules per million other molecules in the atmosphere. 275 ppm CO2 is a useful amount—without some CO2 and other greenhouse gases that trap heat in our atmosphere, our planet would be too cold for humans to inhabit.
So we need some carbon in the atmosphere, but the question is how much? Beginning in the 18th century, humans began to burn coal and gas and oil to produce energy and goods. The amount of carbon in the atmosphere began to rise, at first slowly and now more quickly. Many of the activities we do every day like turning the lights on, cooking food, or heating or cooling our homes rely on energy sources like coal and oil that emit carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases into the atmosphere. We're taking millions of years worth of carbon, stored beneath the earth as fossil fuels, and releasing it into the atmosphere. By now—and this is the second number—the planet has 390 parts per million CO2 – and this number is rising by about 2 parts per million every year.  Scientists are now saying that's too much – that number is higher than any time seen in the recorded history of our planet – and we're already beginning to see disastrous impacts on people and places all over the world. Glaciers everywhere are melting and disappearing fast—and they are a source of drinking water for hundreds of millions of people. Mosquitoes, who like a warmer world, are spreading into lots of new places, and bringing malaria and dengue fever with them. Drought is becoming much more common, making food harder to grow in many places. Sea levels have begun to rise, and scientists warn that they could go up as much as several meters this century. If that happens, many of the world's cities, island nations, and farmland will be underwater. The oceans are growing more acidic because of the CO2 they are absorbing, which makes it harder for animals like corals and clams to build and maintain their shells and skeletons. Coral reefs could start dissolving at an atmospheric CO2 concentration of 450-500 ppm. These impacts are combining to exacerbate conflicts and security issues in already resource-strapped regions.
Source: http://www.350.org/about/science |
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تعداد فعالیت های پیش بینی شده در ایران یکی دیگر افزایش یافت. با آنکه دسترسی به انجمن های ایرانی بسیار دشوار است اما خوشبختانه با همکاری دوستان یک حرکت دیگر در ایران ثبت شد و تعداد فعالیت های پیش بینی شده به چهار رسید. امیدوارم حرکت های بعدی نیز در راه باشد. برای کسب اطلاعات بیشتر در این زمینه لطفا به خواندن این صفحه ادامه دهید. The number of actions for International Day of Climate Action reached 4 in Iran. I invite all my Iranian friends to continue reading this page which has more information about joining this important event. I hope we are going to have more events at the other parts of the country as well. For more information email me on behrooz at climatechange.ir
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دوستان عزیز ایرانی سلام
هدف از نگارش این یادداشت اطلاع رسانی پیرامون یک حرکت جهانی است که حدود بیست روز دیگر در کشورهای مختلف دنیا به انجام می رسد. در 24 اکتبر سال جاری مصادف با شنبه دوم آبان ماه تشکل های مختلف محیط زیستی در سراسر دنیا در یک اقدام هماهنگ و همزمان تلاش خواهند نمود تا مردم جهان را نسبت به خطر تغییرات آب و هوا و اقلیم و پیامدهای تخریب محیط زیست اگاه کنند. این حرکت که توسط بسیاری از دانشمندان، کارشناسان و دولتمردان در سراسر دنیا حمایت می شود فرصت مناسبی است تا زمینه آگاه کردن مردم جهان از اثرات مخرب نابودی محیط زیست فراهم شود. تا کنون تشکل های متعددی از بیش از صد کشور جهان در این زمینه اعلام آمادگی کرده اند اما متاسفانه این حرکت به طور صحیحی در ایران اطلاع رسانی نشده است. روش اجرای این حرکت بسیار ساده است. کافی است تشکل شما در روز مورد نظر یک برنامه ساده مانند پیاده روی؛ جمع اوری زباله از محیط زیست، برگزاری یک کلاس آموزشی کوچک، دوچرخه سواری، برنامه های ساده دانشجویی یا حرکت های هنری مثل نمایشگاه نقاشی باشد. همکاری شما در این طرح باعث ارتقاء جایگاه تشکل های ایرانی در زمینه فعالیت های محیط زیستی خواهد شد و فرصت خوبی است تا ارتباط شما با سایر تشکل ها تقویت شود. برای کسب اطلاعات بیشتر می توانید به پایگاه اطلاع رسانی این حرکت در آدرس (www.350.org) مراجعه نمایید و یا با من تماس بگیرید تا زمینه ارتباط شما را با این حرکت فراهم کنم.
در ذیل این نوشته، نامه مدیران این حرکت جهانی خطاب به تشکل های ایرانی آمده است.
با احترام - بهروز حسنی مهموئی
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October 24 International Day of Climate Action Invitation 
Dear Friends in Iran —
This is an invitation to help build a movement—to take one day and use it to stop the climate crisis.
We are a group of people from around the planet—young and old, scientists and writers and activists—who working together to mobilize our communities for a global day of action on the 24th of October, less than a month away, to address the most common threat our world faces today – climate change. All our actions that day will have a common message – a number, the most important number on earth: 350.
In January of 2008, one of the world's greatest climatologist—NASA’s James Hansen—and his team produced a landmark series of studies. They showed that if we let the amount of carbon in the atmosphere top 350 parts per million, we can’t have a planet “similar to the one on which civilization developed and to which life on earth is adapted.”
The bad news is we’re already past that number—we’re at 389 parts per million, which is why the Arctic is melting, why drought is spreading across the planet, why people are already dying from diseases like dengue fever and malaria occurring in places where they’ve never been seen before.
The good news is that day by day, there are more and more scientists, economists, NGOs, and ordinary people coming together to voice their support for a global commitment to bet the world back below 350. A global movement is building and uniting, to address this global crisis.
In the month to come here’s the plan, and we invite you to be a part: on 24 October, we need you to organize a creative action of some kind at an iconic place where you live, something that will make that most important number visible to everyone. People in more than 1,500 communities around the globe have already announced plans—they’ll be planting 3,500 trees in Abikalike, Nigeria, and diving with 350 people underwater in the Maldives. So far more than 120 nations are taking part, including one action registered in Tabriz, Iran—this is going to be the biggest day of grassroots action on global warming ever. But we need it to be much larger—we need you, in your community, to take part.
To learn more about 350 and what is happening on the 24th of October you can visit www.350.org, and in particular there is more information about organizing actions here: www.350.org/actions. And at the earliest possible – even once you just an idea or an action and are committed to seeing it through – we ask that you register the action on the website here: www.350.org/oct24.
We are happy to talk in more detail and provide what support we can. We would be thrilled work with you in this movement and hope to hear back from you soon.
Thanks,
The 350 coordinating team
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مقاله ای از مجله نیچر عدد 350 را به عنوان یکی از مرزهای کلیدی در کره زمین تایید کرد. بنا به گزارش سایت 350 این خبر به سرعت در میان مجامع علمی و خبری جهان در حال گسترش است. جزییات بیشتری را می توانید در همین زمینه در مطلب ذیل مطالعه نمایید. ادامه مطلب Even amidst all the political smoke rising from the UN and the G20, the basic scientific facts that we're facing are shining through ever more clearly. Two days ago Nature magazine, in its lead article, reaffirmed 350 as one of the planet's central boundaries. That news is spreading everywhere--in the science press (here's an article from Scientific American) and in the world's most widely-read magazines--here's what Time just wrote: Regarding climate change, for instance, Rockstrom proposes an atmospheric-carbon-concentration limit of no more than 350 parts per million (p.p.m.) — meaning no more than 350 atoms of carbon for every million atoms of air. (Before the industrial age, levels were at 280 p.p.m.; currently they're at 387 p.p.m. and rising.) That, scientists believe, should be enough to keep global temperatures from rising more than 2°C above pre-industrial levels, which should be safely below a climatic tipping point that could lead to the wide-scale melting of polar ice sheets, swamping coastal cities. "Transgressing these boundaries will increase the risk of irreversible climate change," writes Rockstrom. Continue... |
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